Synchronous vs. asynchronous learning: Tips to choose the right approach

There are many ways to structure learning, but synchronous and asynchronous learning are two common approaches. While both come with their own benefits and drawbacks — which ultimately depend on the learner’s needs, objectives, and resources — asynchronous learning is becoming increasingly popular. In fact, a recent survey found that 37% of respondents preferred virtual, asynchronous learning, while only 21% preferred synchronous virtual learning and just 13% preferred in-person synchronous learning. 

Understanding the key differences between these approaches allows you to determine the best strategy for your organization and employees. In this article, we explore the differences between synchronous vs. asynchronous learning, detail the advantages and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous learning, and share tips to help you select the best approach for your goals. 

What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous learning?

Synchronous learning occurs in real time, with learners engaging together through live classes or virtual webinars. Asynchronous learning lets learners access materials on their own time, typically through online teaching. With async learning, students work at their own pace, independent of other learners. 

The table below breaks down the key aspects of asynchronous vs. synchronous classes. In short, both types can improve skills or knowledge and incorporate different media or interactive materials. However, synchronous learning is more likely to foster community and real-time interaction, while asynchronous learning offers more flexibility and independence. 

What is synchronous learning?

Synchronous learning involves real-time interaction and engagement among instructors and learners. Everyone participates at the same time and same place, whether that’s onsite or virtually. However, while synchronous learning can take place in person, that’s not required. Online synchronous learning opportunities like live video conferences, engaging webinars, or chats have become more and more common in recent years.

This type of learning works best for:

• Learners who thrive on real-time collaboration and ask for feedback
• Learners who prefer a more structured environment
• Topics that benefit from group discussions, Q&As, or immediate help and support

An example of synchronous learning is live video training, in which participants can discuss the topic as a group and interact with the instructor in real time. 

Advantages and disadvantages of synchronous learning

While there are many benefits of synchronous learning, there are also some drawbacks to be aware of. The benefits include better engagement via the ability for learners to receive real-time feedback, ask questions as they come up, and build community with the other participants. Another benefit, for those learners who prefer more structure, is that learning with others in real time can help keep everyone on task. 

On the other hand, drawbacks to synchronous learning include a requirement for everyone to be available at the same time, which can be limiting, especially for teams split across locations and time zones. Additionally, the pace may be off — whether too fast or too slow — for some learners, who may prefer learning on their own time. 

What is asynchronous learning?

With asynchronous learning, learners access content and complete tasks independently, without engaging in real time with peers or instructors. It typically happens online with technology enhanced learning, but can also occur via printed materials like books or other non-digital resources. Examples of asynchronous learning include pre-recorded videos, downloadable documents, or self-paced online courses. 

This approach works well for:

• Learners who require schedule flexibility, like working professionals, obtaining a degree or certification outside of work
• Teams split across time zones
• Learners who want to go at their own pace who can take their time or speed up as they see fit, which makes it an excellent part of an inclusive teaching strategy 

Advantages and disadvantages of asynchronous learning

Like synchronous learning, asynchronous learning has benefits and drawbacks. Benefits of asynchronous learning include flexibility and the ability for learners to go at their own pace. Often, learners can also spend more time with the material, going back to read or watch it again to increase their retention. This makes asynchronous learning a critical offering in an inclusive classroom where students learn differently. 

Drawbacks include the lack of real-time interaction and feedback and a delay between asking and receiving answers to questions. Along with the lack of a community feel, these can lead to a less engaging experience for some learners. Supporting asynchronous learning means finding a way to address these concerns. 

When to use synchronous vs asynchronous learning approaches

Despite the differences between synchronous and asynchronous, both approaches have a place in a comprehensive learning and development strategy. You don’t always have to choose between synchronous vs. asynchronous classes, either. Depending on your priorities, you can select a custom approach, such as blended or hybrid learning.

For instance, if you want to prioritize real-time feedback for a hands-on practice session, you should choose to do it synchronously. However, learners could have the flexibility to do pre-reading and preparation asynchronously. 

Other aspects of both approaches you can combine include:

• A synchronous class, followed by an asynchronous review of content
• Virtual office hours to discuss an asynchronous course
• Asynchronous reading assignments prior to a synchronous project
• Self-paced quizzes to assess knowledge after a live training 

Make any learning approach work with Mentimeter

While you may prefer asynchronous vs synchronous learning or the other way around, both have clear advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, consider your organizational objectives, learner goals, and overall priorities to help you determine which approach to take. 

Whichever you choose, Mentimeter can enrich your approach. Create compelling presentations that your team can view asynchronously or synchronously, and add interactive quizzes, polls, and Q&A sessions to keep things engaging. 

Whether you’re doing training or a self-paced course, Mentimeter helps bring your learning to life. Try it out today.